On Thursday, 5th of September 2024 (1st Rabiʿ al-Awwal 1446 A.H.)
Ḥijrat to Medina (Arabic: هجرة, emigration) is the emigration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) which was occurred thirteen years after Bi'tha of the prophet (622 CE). The year of the event became the beginning of the Islamic calendar. The main reason of the emigration of Muslims to Yathrib was the harassment and the pressure of the Meccan polytheists. One of the clauses of the allegiance of the people of Yathrib to the Prophet (Pledge of al-'Aqaba), was to support Meccan Muslims if they emigrate to Yathrib. After Hijra, Yathrib was named "Madinat al-Rasul" (Arabic: مدینة الرسول, city of the Prophet, in short: Medina).
Beginning
After the Pledge of al-'Aqaba and when Quraysh knew about the pledge of Aws and Khazraj with the Prophet, their severity with Muslims became harsher and they were harassing them harder, to the extent that living in Mecca became impossible to Muslims. So they asked the Prophet (s) permission to emigrate from Mecca, the Prophet told them to go to their supporter brothers (Ansar) in Yathrib and said: "Allah has arranged some brothers and a safe place for you".
Muslims began to emigrate to Yathrib in groups, and the Prophet (s) remained in Mecca waiting for the permission of God for his Hijra. The emigration of Muslims began from Dhu al-Hijja of the year 13 after Bi'that/June 622.
Decision of Quraysh to Kill the Prophet
After the second pledge of al-'Aqaba in Dhu al-Hijja of the year thirteen after Bi'that/June 622, and in less than three months, most of the companions of the Prophet emigrated to Yathrib, heads of Quraysh realized that Yathrib has become a base for the Prophet (s) and his followers, and the people of Yathrib are ready to defend Muslims, so they feared the emigration of the Prophet (s). They held a meeting in Dar al-Nadwa. It is reported that when they were entering the place, there was an old man by the door, he said: "let me in", they said: 'who are you?', he said: 'I am from Mudar tribe and I have an opinion for you'. Then they entered and began to talk, someone proposed to expel the Prophet, the old man said: "it's not good, if you expel him he will gain followers and attack you". Some one proposed to imprison the Prophet, the old man said: "it is not good, if you do this, as Muhammad is a good orator, he will gradually attract your children and slaves to himself." Finally, they decided to choose one man from each tribe and they kill the Prophet altogether, so Banu Hashim could not fight all of the tribes, the old man said: 'this is the correct opinion'.
Laylat al-Mabīt
God informed His Prophet about the assassination plan. The verse 30 of Qur'an 8 is narrated to be revealed then:
“When the faithless plotted against you to take you captive, or to kill or expel you. They plotted and Allah devised, and Allah is the best of devisers.”
(Qur'an, 8:30)
So, on Thursday night of the 1st Rabi' al-Awwal of the year 14 after Bi'that/September 13, 622 A.D.; the Prophet left Mecca, and Imam 'Ali slept in the bed of the Prophet, so that the assassins will not realize the emigration of the Prophet and not chase him, the night is called Laylat al-Mabit (night of the sleeping).
The verse 207 of Qur'an 2 is revealed about the sacrifice of Imam 'Ali (a) for saving the life of the Prophet:
“And among the people is he who sells his soul (life) seeking the pleasure of Allah, and Allah is most kind to [His] servants.”
(Quran, 2:207)
Source: https://en.wikishia.net/
