Relationship between Mahdawiyyah, Fundamentalism, and Modernism In his survey about contemporary intellectual movements in the Islamic world in the 9th article of his book, “The Need for a sacred Science,” Dr. Nasr explains that two intellectual approaches have been influential in the Islamic world for the past 1/5 centuries. One has been Fundamental Religious Reformism, and the other Modernism. He added a third movement, Mahdism, in his interview with Voices …